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Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh,〔Griggs, Jessica (Summer 2008) (The Missing Piece ) ''Edit'' the University of Edinburgh Alumni Magazine, p. 17〕 and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles. In the 1960s, he proposed that broken symmetry in electroweak theory could explain the origin of mass of elementary particles in general and of the W and Z bosons in particular. This so-called Higgs mechanism, which was proposed by several physicists besides Higgs at about the same time, predicts the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson, the detection of which became one of the great goals of physics.〔Griffiths, Martin (1 May 2007) (physicsworld.com The Tale of the Blog's Boson ) Retrieved on 27 May 2008〕〔Fermilab Today (16 June 2005) (Fermilab Results of the Week. Top Quarks are Higgs' best Friend ) Retrieved on 27 May 2008〕 CERN announced on 4 July 2012 that they had experimentally established the existence of a Higgs-like boson,〔 but that further work would be needed to analyse its properties and see whether it had the properties expected from the Standard Model Higgs boson. On 14 March 2013, the newly discovered particle was tentatively confirmed to be + parity and zero spin, two fundamental criteria of a Higgs boson, making it the first known fundamental scalar particle to be discovered in nature. The Higgs mechanism is generally accepted as an important ingredient in the Standard Model of particle physics, without which certain particles would have no mass.〔Rincon, Paul (10 March 2004) (Fermilab 'God Particle' may have been seen ) Retrieved on 27 May 2008〕 Higgs has been honoured with a number of awards in recognition of his work, including the 1981 Hughes Medal from the Royal Society; the 1984 Rutherford Medal from the Institute of Physics; the 1997 Dirac Medal and Prize for outstanding contributions to theoretical physics from the Institute of Physics; the 1997 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize by the European Physical Society; the 2004 Wolf Prize in Physics; the 2009 Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; the 2010 American Physical Society J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics; and a unique Higgs Medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2012.〔 The discovery of the Higgs boson prompted fellow physicist Stephen Hawking to note that he thought that Higgs should receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Higgs boson breakthrough should earn physicist behind search Nobel Prize: Stephen Hawking )〕 which he finally did, shared with François Englert in 2013.〔Amos, Jonathan (8 October 2013) (Higgs: Five decades of noble endeavour ) BBC News Science and Environment; retrieved 8 October 2013〕 Higgs was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 2013 New Year Honours and in 2015 the Royal Society awarded him the Copley Medal, the world's oldest scientific prize. ==Early life and education== Higgs was born in the Elswick district of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, to an English father and Scottish mother.〔Staff (29 November 2012) (Peter Higgs: Curriculum Vitae ) The University of Edinburgh, School of Physics and Astronomy, Retrieved 9 January 2012〕〔Sample, Ian. ("The god of small things" ), ''The Guardian'', 17 November 2007, weekend section.〕〔Macdonald, Kenneth (10 April 2013) (Peter Higgs: Behind the scenes at the Universe ). BBC.〕 His father worked as a sound engineer for the BBC, and as a result of childhood asthma, together with the family moving around because of his father's job and later World War II, Higgs missed some early schooling and was taught at home. When his father relocated to Bedford, Higgs stayed behind with his mother in Bristol, and was largely raised there. He attended Cotham Grammar School in Bristol from 1941–46,〔〔The Cotham Grammar School, a High-Performing Specialist Co-operative Academy (The Dirac-Higgs Science Centre ) Retrieved 10 January 2013〕 where he was inspired by the work of one of the school's alumni, Paul Dirac, a founder of the field of quantum mechanics.〔 In 1946, at the age of 17, Higgs moved to City of London School, where he specialized in mathematics, then in 1947 to King's College London where he graduated with a first class honours degree in Physics in 1950 and achieved a master's degree in 1952. He was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851,〔1851 Royal Commission Archives〕 and studied for his doctorate in molecular physics under the supervision of Charles Coulson and Christopher Longuet-Higgins. He was awarded his PhD in 1954 for a thesis entitled 'Some problems in the theory of molecular vibrations'.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Professor Peter Higgs )〕 He became a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh during his time there (1954–56), then held various posts at Imperial College London and University College London where he also became a temporary lecturer in Mathematics. He returned to the University of Edinburgh in 1960 to take up the post of Lecturer at the Tait Institute of Mathematical Physics, allowing him to settle in the city he had enjoyed while hitchhiking to the Western Highlands as a student in 1949.〔Mackenzie, Kate (2012) "It Was Worth The Wait" The Interview, The University of Edinburgh Alumni Magazine, Winter 2012/13〕〔 〕 He was promoted to Reader in 1970 and became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1983.〔 Higgs was promoted to a personal chair of Theoretical Physics at Edinburgh in 1980. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1983, and was awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 1984, and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics in 1991. He retired in 1996 and became Emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh.〔 Professor Higgs received an honorary degree from the University of Bristol in 1997. In 2008 he received an Honorary Fellowship from Swansea University for his work in particle physics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swansea University Honorary Fellowship ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Higgs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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